The Ministry of Finance has released ownership and capacity data covering Pakistan’s 100 Independent Power Producers, providing a detailed picture of the country’s power generation landscape across conventional fuels and renewable energy technologies. According to the data, the 100 IPPs have a combined installed capacity of more than 24,000 megawatts, with projects spread across several categories including residual furnace oil, gas, regasified liquefied natural gas, hydel, coal, bagasse, solar and wind. The data also identifies the project sponsors associated with each power plant, showing that several major business groups and international companies hold stakes in multiple projects operating across different fuel and technology categories.
The ownership information shows significant participation by major Pakistani business groups in the independent power generation sector. The Habibullah group is identified as a sponsor or co-sponsor in several projects, including the Hub Power Project, HUBCO-Narowal, New Bong Escape Hydropower, China Power/Hubco and Hubco Thar coal projects. The Mansha Group also has ownership interests across a number of power projects, including Lalpir, Pak Gen, Nishat Power and Nishat Chunian Power. These projects are all based on residual furnace oil, highlighting the presence of established business groups in Pakistan’s conventional power generation capacity.
The Fauji Foundation and Fauji Fertilizer Company are also listed as sponsors across multiple projects. Their interests include Fauji Kabirwala, Foundation Power and the Foundation Wind Energy I and II projects, covering both conventional and renewable power generation. China Three Gorges Corporation is another major participant in Pakistan’s IPP landscape, with ownership linked to the Karot Hydropower Project as well as three separate wind projects. The presence of sponsors across different technologies demonstrates the diversified ownership structure of Pakistan’s power generation sector and the participation of both domestic and international groups.
Gas and RLNG-based power plants represent the largest capacity category among the projects covered by the Ministry of Finance data. These plants account for 9,867.5MW of installed capacity across 19 projects. Major plants in this category include Haveli Bahadur Shah, Balloki, Bhikki and PTPL, with each having a capacity exceeding 1,180MW. The Kot Addu Power Project, commonly known as KAPCO, is also included in this category with an installed capacity of 1,638MW. The size of this capacity block makes gas and RLNG-based generation the largest single fuel category within the identified IPP portfolio.
Residual furnace oil and low sulphur furnace oil-based plants account for another 3,993MW across 15 projects. The Hub Power Project is the largest plant within this category, with an installed capacity of 1,292MW. The data illustrates the continued presence of oil-based generation within Pakistan’s IPP structure, despite the increasing diversification of the country’s power generation mix towards gas, coal and renewable energy sources.
Coal-based generation represents 7,260MW across eight projects when imported coal and Thar coal projects are combined. Several large-scale plants contribute to this capacity, with Sahiwal, Port Qasim and the China Power/Hubco project each having an installed capacity of 1,320MW. The coal category therefore represents one of the largest blocks in Pakistan’s independent power generation portfolio and includes projects developed using both imported coal and locally available Thar coal.
Renewable energy projects also account for a substantial part of the IPP landscape identified by the Ministry of Finance. Wind projects collectively represent more than 1,800MW of installed capacity across 36 IPPs, giving wind the highest number of individual projects among the categories covered in the data. Solar photovoltaic projects contribute another 680MW across 10 projects, reflecting the presence of solar generation within the country’s independent power production framework.
Hydel generation accounts for 1,053MW across four projects, with the 720MW Karot Hydropower Project representing the largest project in this category. Karot is associated with China Three Gorges Corporation and forms a significant part of the hydropower capacity included in the ownership data. Hydel generation therefore represents another important component of Pakistan’s power portfolio, alongside the larger gas, RLNG and coal-based capacity blocks.
Bagasse-based cogeneration projects contribute an additional 259.1MW across eight IPPs. These plants are largely associated with sugar mills and use bagasse, a byproduct of sugar production, for electricity generation. Their inclusion in the Ministry of Finance’s data highlights the range of technologies and fuel sources contributing to Pakistan’s independent power generation capacity, extending from traditional furnace oil and gas plants to renewable sources such as wind, solar, hydel and agricultural waste-based generation.
The ownership and capacity data provides an overview of the scale and diversity of Pakistan’s IPP sector, with more than 24,000MW of installed capacity distributed across 100 projects. The portfolio includes major domestic business groups, state-linked sponsors and international investors, while the generation mix covers conventional fuels as well as renewable and alternative energy sources. The figures also show the different roles played by gas and RLNG, coal, furnace oil, wind, solar, hydel and bagasse-based projects within Pakistan’s electricity generation structure.
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